2004 Pro-Board Study Sheet

Honor Concept (Fall – Week 1): Four possible options upon witnessing an honor offense

Approach and Discuss (3)

1) If no violation, take no further action

2) Formally counsel

3) Report the offense to the Brigade Honor Chair

4) Take Immediate Action and report the offense to the Brigade Honor Chair

Naval Service Organization (Fall – Week 2)

Numbered Fleets

Abbr Theater HQ Numbered Fleet(s)
EUCOM Europe Naples 6^th
PACOM Pacific Pearl Harbor; Yokosuka 3^rd, 7^th
USJFCOM US & Atlantic Norfolk 2^nd
CENTCOM Middle East Bahrain 5^th

SEA POWER 21

Assurance & Deterrence, Command of the Seas, Power Projection, Homeland Sec
Sea Strike (project power), Sea Shield (project def power), Sea Basing (reduce deploy time)

Officer/Enlisted Personnel: Officer/Enlisted Ranks

Officer Pipelines (pretty detailed) (from pro book when possible and then official Navy.com website)

Surface Warfare

Embark on ship for 27 months (port and sea time) to earn Personnel Qualifications Standards à SWO qualification

At 6-12mo point, your CO will send you to 3-week SWO School, Newport, RI – finishing school
When you come back, you have a board with CO and officers to get your SWO Pin

Initial Duty – DivO of ops, engineering, combat systems, or deck dept

Nuclear Track (Submarine or [Nuclear] Surface Warfare)

24-week course – attend Navy Nuclear Power Training School, Charleston, SC à learn about nuclear power plants

Thermodynamics, nuclear reactor principles, radiological fundamentals, and EE

26-week training – assigned to a Nuclear Power Training Unit (upstate NY or South Charleston, SC)

Learn how to react to problems with a live reactor; also learn watch-standing technique

For submariners: 12-week training – Submarine Officer Basic Course (Navy Submarine School, Groton, CT)

Tactics, organization, admin, safety, weapons

For SWOs: See Surface Warfare (will serve on CVN)

Navy Aviation (Pilots and NFOs)

6-week indoc to flight – Naval Aviation Schools Command in Pensecola, FL
27-week Primary Flight Training at either Whiting Field, FL or Corpus Christi, TX
Request aircraft type and enter 6-week Intermediate Flight Trng (flight basics, nav) (same location as primary)

Types: Carrier Aircraft (mostly jets), Prop Aircraft (cargo, patrol), Helos

Advanced Flight Training (mission specific training)

1.5 years – Advanced Helos – Whiting Field, FL
1.5 years – Advanced Props - Corpus Christi, TX
1.5 to 2 years – Advanced Jets – Kingsville, TX or Meridian, MS

Awarded gold flight wings and report to a Fleet Replacement Squadron for specific aircraft training as wingman

Note: training at Whiting Field takes 3 weeks longer than listed time (weather and traffic less conducive)

SpecWar Pipeline (BUDS) – Basic Underwater Demolition / SEAL Training (30wks)

Indoctrination (“4^th phase”) – 5wks – intense PT, swimming
1^st Phase: PT – 8 wks; timed 4mi beach run, O-course, 2mi ocean swim

3^rd week (“Hell Week”) – 5.5 days, max 4 hours sleep; continuous training
Remaining weeks: charts; maritime ops

2^nd Phase: Combat Diving – 7 wks
3^rd Phase: Land Warfare – 10 wks – small unit tactics, demolition, etc

Final 4 wks – San Clemente Island – apply knowledge in a practical environment

Post BUD/S – not SEALs yet … officers go to Junior Officer Training Course

Fort Benning, GA Army Airborne School (3 wks)
Coronado for SEAL Qualification Training (3-4 months) – skills for their first assignments à Trident awarded

Spec Ops Pipeline – Explosive Ordinance Disposal, Mine Countermeasures, Diving & Salvage, Expendable Ordnance Mngmnt

Basic Dive Officer School – Panama City, FL – 6 to 7 months
DivO tour on Auxiliary Rescue & Salvage Ship, MCM Ship, or MHC / Surface Warfare School (Newport, RI) for 18 mo
EOD School – Fort Eglin, FL – 10 months + 3 months of dive school
EODMU Tour – 18 months

Marine Corps Officer Pipeline – Marine Corps Base [MCB] Quantico, VA

Platoon Leaders Course graduates – attend one 6-week course before jr and sr year or one 10-week before sr year
Marine Enlisted Commissioning Education Program or Naval ROTC – one 6-week session prior to senior year
Academy Grads – 2^nd LTs go to The Basic School (TBS) for 6 months to teach them how to be Infantry Platoon CDRs
Post TBS:

Officer Primary Military Occupational Specialty School (Infantry, Tanks, Artillery, etc)
OR – If going Marine Air, then they now start the Naval Aviation track (see above)

TBS – Quantico, Virginia – marksmanship, map reading, comms, infantry tactics, org, drill, cmd, law, logistics, admin, history

Surface Warfare (Fall – Week 4)

SSC&I – Surface, Surveillance, Comm, and ID Phase

1. Locate, Identify, and Target hostiles

2. Approach (4 Steps)

· 1) Organize Surface Action Group (SAG)

· 2) Detach SAG

· 3) Give target info to fire control station (FCS)

· 4) Maintain emissions control (EMCON)

3. Attack – destruction req. multiple simultaneous weapon arrivals

· a) Determine Simultaneous Time-on-Top (STOT) or Designated TOT (DTOT)

· b) Missile Inventory

· c) # of missiles needed; designate shooters

· d) Uncertainty of info

· e) Probability of success

4. Post attack

· Battle Damage Assessment (BDA)

· Options

a. Attack Again

b. Withdraw

c. Detach another SAG

General Rule: Shoot, Shoot, Look, Shoot, Shoot …

Make up of carrier battle group

Carrier Battle Group (1-2 of all ships except CVN)

CVN – center; offense & defense support
CG – fleet air defense; AEGIS & Standard Missile
DDG - Same as CG … or … DD – no AEGIS, so ASU, ASub only
FFG - screening platform, mainly anti-sub
SSN – ASub, over-the-horizon targeting
Support Vessel

Weapons forward to aft on at least one ship … CG-47 Ticonderoga Class Cruiser

Familiarization with VLS, SM2, Phalanx

VLS – fires RUM-139B ASROC (Anti-Sub Rocket), SM-2, Tomahawk
SM2 – primary SAM; medium range
Phalanx – 6 x 20mm barrels; 4,500rpm; 100 round burst

Composite Warfare CDR (CWC) Concept – central command authority; stationed on CVN

Decentralized Command – Facilitates quick decisions and flexibility; Subordinates maintain tactical control
Command by Negation – CWC can override subordinates at any time; frees CWC from micromanagement

Submarines (Fall – Week 5)

Discuss mission capabilities

1. Peacetime Ops – Deployments, Combined Exercises, Port Visits

2. Surveillance / Intelligence / Reconnaissance – unseen eyes & ears of the task group

3. Special Operations – inserting small forces

4. Precision Strike – Tomahawk cruise miles

5. Sea Denial – denies access to high risk areas

6. Deterrence – nuclear or attack pressure with minimal risk to US lives

Strengths and weakness of subs

Advantages: Good acoustic sensors, Mk48 ADCAP, Stealthy, “In the medium”
Weaknesses: Difficult to contact underwater

MK48, types of sonar

Mk48 ADCAP (Adv. Capabilities) – principal US heavyweight torpedo

21” diameter, 4000 lb, 650 lb warhead, 55 knots, 35000 yards
A hit will sink almost any ship
Pre-programmed search, active seeker head

Sonar Types

Active Sonar – sends out ping, listens for reflection
Passive Sonar – listens for sound from propeller cavitations, etc
Hull-Mounted Arrays – optimized for low freq to travel long range; triangulate target’s position and speed
Towed Array – hydrophones dragged behind; pick up more sensitive sound; give ambiguous position
Wide Aperture Array – electronically scanned sonar; comparable to AEGIS; more accurate than sonar
Sonobuoys – low-cost, short life, acoustic system

Types of subs

o SS (K) – Submarine (K = Coastal) – diesel / electric propulsion

o SSN – high endurance (based on food not fuel); no need to resurface

o SSG(N) – carry missiles designed to attack surface ships or lands targets

o SSBN – not designed to engage vessels; has torpedo tubes for self-defense

Strike Warfare (Fall – Week 6)

TACAIR

Advantages: BDA, CAS / Armed Recon, Flexible, Greater Payload, Reusable, Target Selection
Disadvantages: human component, shorter range, limited deep strike

Tomahawk cruise missile – INS, Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM), Digital Scene Matching Area Correlation (DSMAC), GPS

Advantages: Deep Strike Capability; No lost pilots; High accuracy; Multiple launching platforms
Disadvantages: No BDA; No target selection; Small payload; Costly ($1M each)

Types of Bombs/Missiles

Non-precision Weapons – no attached guidance system

General Purpose Bombs – iron, basic, inexpensive, most effective
Retarded General Purpose Bombs – high drag from tail; allow drop from low altitude
Cluster Bombs – deploy bomblets; effective vs. spread out soft targets (armor, personnel, structures, etc)
Fuel Air Explosive Bombs – gas à rapid expanding fireball; consumes O2 and suffocates those who live via fireball

Precision Weapons – attached guidance package

Anti-Radiation Missile (ARM) – passive, homes on radars; used vs SAMs
Guided Air to Ground Missiles (AGM) – like Hellfire; used vs structures, tanks
Laser Guided Bombs (LGB) – iron, very accurate, expensive (laser painted)
GPS Guided Bombs – target can be changed in flight

Air Warfare (Fall – Week 7)

Defense in Depth, Detect to Engage

Detect to Engage Sequence

Detection – contact made and assigned a tracking number
Entry – entering detected track info into NTDS
Tracking – accurately determine target’s position
Identification – Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) by special equipment
Threat Evaluation – determine relative degree of threat (threat priority); based on position, approach, ID, range of weapons, and time remaining to effectively engage
Weapons Pairing – assign optimum weapon for use against a given threat based on threat priority and available assets
Engagement – employment of weapons
Engagement Assessment (BDA) – monitoring weapon return info to determine successfulness

Defense in Depth –encompasses total region protection from enemy air attack

Surveillance Area – extends from the High Value Unit (HVU) to maximum detection range

Carrier -- 200nm -- Cruiser -- 200 + 240nm -- E2C -- 240nm (880NM from carrier)

Classification, Identification, and Engagement Area (CIEA) – regions in which weapons employed against air threats

Fighter Engagement Zone (FEZ) – enemy engaged with DCA
Missile Engagement Zone (MEZ) – enemy engaged with SAMs
Joint Engagement Zone (FEZ) – either; used in geographically constrained areas (Persian Gulf)

Vital Area – contains HVU; region extends from HVU to max range of enemy weapons

Composition of a carrier air wing – 75 to 95 planes on CVNs … Squadrons (Desig, Name, Plane, # of):

VFA Strike Fighter F/A 18 Hornet 36
VF Fighter F-14 14
VS Sea Control S-3B 8
VAW Early Warning E-2C Hawkeye 4
VAQ Elec. Warfare EA-6B Prowler 4
HS Helicopter, ASub SH-60F Sea Hawk 8

Compare ( F-14,F-18,F-18E,F)

F-14 – fleet defense fighter, phoenix (6=doomsday config), guided bombs, AMRAAMs
F-18 C/D – versatile, uses precision ordnance, escorts itself, good maneuverability
F-18 E/F – greater range, ceiling, speed, payload, electronics, reliability

· JSF – Deep-strike aircraft with stealth of F-117; 3 ver: Land-based conventional take-off (CTOL), carrier-based CTOL, and Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL)

Phoenix – long-range; only good vs non-maneuvering targets; F-14 only; semi-active then active; longest range AAM
Sea Hawk – search & rescue, drug interdic, ASW, cargo lift, spec ops, over the horizon targeting (OTH-T), vert replen; AGM-119B penguin
Prowler – interrupt electronics, obtain electronic intelligence; "Wild Weasel” role which is vital to SEAD (Suppression of Enemy Air Def)

Marine Corps History (Fall – Week 8)

National Security Act of 1947

Gave more power to Chairman; made JCS only advisors not planners
Added Vice Chairman and Commandant to JCS
Called for USMC to have 3 div, 3 air wings and one reserve div of ea.
Created the National Security Council – Pres, VP, SecState, SecDef

Tarawa – Japs claimed it invincible; Reefs halted landing craft forcing Marines to wade 800 yards to the beach under heavy fire
Iwo Jima – most highly glorified USMC battle; Mt. Suribachi; 5 weeks of fierce fighting
Chosen Reservoir – 8 Chinese Divisions surrounded 1^st Marine Div but with the help of Close Air Support decimated 7 of 8 of them
Beirut – Hezbollah terrorist bombs USMC HQ in Beirut killing 241 serviceman (1983)
Desert Storm – amphib marine landings + army units on ground follow airstrikes and secure victory in <100 hours of fighting on land

Modern USMC (Fall – Week 9)

· Fire Team make up

o Squad Leader – M-16A2; tactical control of squad

o Fire Team Leader – M-16A2 w/M203 Grenade Launcher; tactical control of fire team

o Rifleman – M-16A2; usually takes point

o Asst. Automatic Rifleman – M-16A2 + extra barrel and ammo for M249

o Automatic Rifleman – M249 Light Machine Gun, the SAW (Squad Automatic Weapon)

· MAGTF – Marine Air Ground Task Force

o Ground Combat Element – infantry, tanks, artillery, LAV, AAV, combat engineers, and recon assets

o Air Combat Element – aircraft; tactical helos with fixed wing assets for CAS

o Combat Service Support Element – logistical support inc. transportation, engineering, embarkation, med/den, etc.

o Command Element (HQ)

· MEU - Primary rapid response unit; may operate unsupported for 30 days

MAGTF Type	CDR	Personnel	Ships	Self-sustained	GCE	ACE	CSSE
MEU	Col	1.5 – 3k	2 - 4	30 days	BLT	Med Helo Squadron**	MEU SSG*
MEB	BGen	7 – 12k	Up to 25	60 days	RLT	MAG	Brigade SSG*
MEF	LtGen	30 – 40k		90 days	Division	MAW	FSSG on sea and shore

*(B/R)LT = Battalion / Regimental Landing Team … **May be augmented to a composite helo squadron … ***Formed from FSSG

MAG = Marine Aircraft Group (multiple squadrons of helos) … MAW = M Aircraft Wing (all aircraft types)

· Marine corps platforms (might want to look at the Harrier too)

Platform	LAV-25 (Piranha)	AAAV	AAV-7	MV-22 (Osprey)
Name	Light Armored Vehicle	Advanced Amphib Assault Vehicle	Amphibious Assault Vehicle	Joint Multi-Mission Vertical Lift Aircraft (JMVX)
Capabilities	All-terrain, all-weather, day or night	Carries 18 combat-ready troops; set to replace AAVs by 2008	21 combat-ready troops	Vertical takeoff and landing; rotating engines
Mission	Provide mobile firepower against armored and soft targets in combat.	Ship-to-shore movement then carries troops to inland objects Armored protection	Ship-to-shore movement and then carries troops to inland objects	Amphibious assault transport of troops, equipment and supplies from assault ships and land bases
Crew	3: Driver, Gunner, Commander	3: Driver, Gunner, Commander	3: Driver, Gunner, Commander	3: 2 pilots, 1 crew chief
Speed	6mph swim speed; 62mph max	23-29mph water; 20-30mph land	Cruise: 6mph water; 25mph land Max: 8mph water, 45mph land	345mph max (115mph max in helo mode)
Range	410mi	65mi water, 300mi land	42mi water, 300mi land	Lifting 10,000lb load: 50nm Land Assault: 200nm with 24 troops Long Range SpecOps: 500nm Max: 2100nm
Armament (1 = Primary)	1: M242 25mm chain gun 2: 2 x 7.62mm machine guns	1: Buchmaster II 30mm Cannon 2: M240 7.62mm machine gun	1: HBM2 .50 caliber machine gun 2: Mk19 40mm machine gun	1: 2 Small caliber mguns can be mounted on the doors MV-22 modifications can be equipped with torpedoes and depth charges

Amphibious Warfare (Fall – Week 10)

DRAW

Demonstration – partial show of force to deceive enemy
Raid – swift attack with a planned withdrawal
Assault – establish a force on hostile land (principle type)
Withdrawal – extraction of forces by sea

PERMA

Planning – plan effective logistics and combat service support
Embarkation – load forces, equipment, and supplies onto ships
Rehearsal –full-scale practice (if possible); ensure operation runs smoothly
Movement – Amphib Task Force (ATF) moves to Amphib Objective Area (AOA) using deceptive measures to confuse the enemy
Assault – begins when sufficient elements are capable of beginning ship-to-shore movements

SALUTE – Size Activity Location Uniform Time Equipment

SPEC War / Ops (Spring – Week 1)

SBU – Special Boat Units

Crew: JOs with 1 tour as DivO and Enlisted SWCCs
Mission: Insertion, Extraction, Coastal and Riverine Patrol
Platforms: Mk V, 11m Rigid Inflatable Boat; work with PCs

EOD – safely remove, disarm, or blow in place any explosives
Pipelines moved to the Navy Officer Pipeline Section (see page 3)

Mine Warfare (Spring – Week 2)

Threat that Mines pose to our Navy and how we deal with them (addressed by the below)
Types of mines

Bottom Mines – lie on ocean floor; easily hidden and hard to recover
Moored Mines – chain drags mine to a predetermined depth
Moving Mines – buoyant, drifting, creeping, homing, and rising mines

Mine Actuating systems

Contact Mines – initiated by physical contact; oldest and most common
Target Influence Mines – Mechanism Types: Magnetic, Acoustic, Pressure
Controlled Mines – detonate when signal sent from land via cable to the mine

Mine hunting vs sweeping

Mine Hunting – counters one mine at a time

Detect and Classify
Ship searches an imaginary grid of water
Mine Detection – MNS ROV deployed to verify mine and disable with an explosive charge

Mine Sweeping – ship or helicopter; limited to shallow waters

Mechanical Sweep – cuts mooring cable; mines float to the surface and are disarmed by EOD
Influence Sweep – uses a dragged vehicle that trick mines into detonating
Clearance Diving – divers search, locate, and neutralize mines

Information Warfare (Spring – Week 3)

C4I – Communications, Control, Computers, ___, and Intelligence

Five pillars of C4I Warfare

Operations Security (OPSEC) – protecting friendly information
Military Deception (MILDEC) –mislead enemies about US capabilities and intentions
Psychological Operations (PSYOPS) –influence foreign reasoning
Physical Destruction – destruction of enemy with weapons
Electronic Warfare (EW) –exploit hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum

Counter-C4I – prevent enemy use of C4I
C4I Protection – maintain our C4I

Difference between (EA/ EP)

EA – actions which prevent or reduce enemy’s ability to use the electromagnetic spectrum

Jamming – deliberate radiation, re-radiation, or reflection of electromagnetic energy to deny or falsify info
Deception – deliberate radiation, re-radiation, alteration, suppression, absorption, denial, enhancement, or reflection of electromagnetic energy; intended to mislead enemies and their equipment

Manipulative Deception – prevent spectrum from reaching the enemy
Simulative Deception – simulate friendly capabilities to mislead the enemy
Imitative Deception – simulate enemy emissions to mislead the enemy

EP – ensure friendly ability to use electromagnetic spectrum

Technical EP – use of encryption devices
Procedural EP – training operators to work through jamming
Tactical EP – terrain masking of antennas, etc

Anti-EA Measures – ability to operate at multiple frequencies
Anti-ES Measures

Tactical Evasion – make forces hard for enemy to find
EMCON (Emissions Control) – selective and controlled use of emissions

UN / NATO (Spring – Week 7)

5 permanent members on Security Council – China, France, Russia, UK, US

Joint OPS (Spring – Week 9)

Describe how Joint Ops benefits the US Military – combines knowledge, equipment, expertise, and training (KEET); uses fewer resources

Joint Chiefs of Staff